![]() However, the cryopreservation process exposes semen to physical and chemical stress that impairs sperm quality ( Hezavehei et al., 2018). Furthermore, cryopreservation enhances genetic utilization by facilitating the distribution of desirable genes and control the transmission of certain diseases ( Grossfeld et al., 2008). Keywords: boar, centrifugation, cryopreservation, freezing-thawing, washing solutionĬryopreservation is the most effective method for the long-term storage of semen. Moreover, centrifugation of frozenthawed semen has an unfavorable effect on total motility and progressive motility. Taken together, Frozen-thawed spermatozoa motility, acrosome integrity and viability can be affected by the type of washing solution used. However, the latter two DPBS groups did not differ statistically. Following thawing-centrifugation, the results showed significantly higher motility and progressive motility in group 1 than other groups. The postthaw percentage of live and intact acrosomal sperm was significantly higher in group 1 (Hulsen solution) as compared to other groups. ![]() Significantly higher ( p < 0.05) motility and progressive motility were obtained when cryopreserved semen was processed with Hulsen solution. The results indicate that type of washing solution and post-thawing centrifugation alters parameters linked to sperm quality (total motility, progressive motility, viability and acrosome integrity). We also examined the effect of washing-centrifugation on frozen-thawed semen kinematics. In this study, we evaluated the effects of various washing solutions (Hulsen solution, labmade DPBS and commercial DPBS) on post-thawing porcine sperm kinematics (CASA system), viability (SYBR-14/PI) and acrosome integrity (PSA/FITC). However, unlike other types of semen, cryopreserved boar semen has reduced fertility and the efforts continue to optimize post-thawing sperm recovery. With this combination of different approaches, acceptable fertility with cryopreserved boar semen can be achieved, facilitating the use of cryopreserved boar semen in routine AI programs.Cryopreservation is a widely-used efficient means of long-term sperm preservation. ![]() Minimizing insemination-to-ovulation intervals, based either on estimated or determined ovulation, have also improved the fertility after AI with cryopreserved boar semen. With deep intrauterine insemination, the sperm dose has been decreased from 6 to 1x10(9) spermatozoa without compromising farrowing rate or litter size. ![]() However, cooling and thawing rates individually optimized for sub-standard freezing boars have substantially improved their sperm quality after cryopreservation. In general, final glycerol concentrations of 2-3% in the freezing media, cooling rates of -30 to -50 degrees C/min, and thawing rates of 1200-1800 degrees C/min resulted in the best sperm survival. catalase, vitamin E, glutathione, butylated hydroxytoluene or superoxide dismutase) to the still standard egg-yolk based cooling and freezing media for boar semen, effectively prevented this damage. The addition of antioxidants or chelating agents (e.g. Boar spermatozoa are exposed to lipid peroxidation during freezing and thawing, which causes damage to the sperm membranes and impairs energy metabolism. There is ongoing research to improve sperm survival after thawing, to limit the damage occurring to spermatozoa during freezing, and to further minimize the number of spermatozoa needed to establish a pregnancy. Although cryopreserved boar semen has been available since 1975, a major breakthrough in commercial application has not yet occurred.
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